The Generation of Lost Opportunity

I have a new article up at Al Jazeera about why baby boomers should stop lecturing us about how to live in a world that no longer exists. I wrote this article in response to a letter Harvard President Drew Gilpin Faust published in the New York Times, in which she extols us to not worry about jobs but instead pursue higher education for a “a lifetime of citizenship, opportunity, growth and change”.

Sounds awesome if you can afford it! Which most Americans can’t:

What is most remarkable about Faust’s career is not its culmination in the Harvard presidency, but the system of accessibility and opportunity that allowed her to pursue it. Her life story is a eulogy for an America long since past.

Let’s review what life was like for an American of Faust’s generation. In 1968, when Faust graduated from Bryn Mawr, tuition and board at a four-year private university cost an average of $2,545. As the scion of a wealthy political family, it is doubtful Faust had to worry about affording tuition, but neither did most members of her generation, since the cost of attending college was relatively low. Today, Bryn Mawr costs $53,040 per year – more than the American median household income.

In 1968, $2,545 was about the most you could expect to pay for college – most schools cost half as much, and many public universities were still free. Faust’s generation graduated with little to no debt, unlike today’s university graduate, who owes an average of $27,000. After graduating, Faust decided to pursue a life of public service and got a job – an actual, paying job, right out of college – with the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

The hippie movement reached its height in 1968, but it is perhaps difficult for the modern mind to comprehend the desire to “turn on, tune in and drop out” when such a novel option as post-college employment was available. Today’s graduate seeking a career in government often winds up in an internship, where they work full-time for little to no pay…

Read the whole depressing thing at Al Jazeera: The Unaffordable Baby Boomer Dream

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Central Asia’s slow internal rot

I have a new article up at Foreign Policy about Central Asia. I argue that the greatest threat to the region is not volatility, as is commonly assumed, but stagnation:

The slow, tortuous decline of Central Asia is something we should all pay attention to — not because it will inevitably lead to state collapse, but because it might not. Central Asia shows how a country (Tajikistan) can spend decades sliding toward a failed state, yet never quite arrive. It shows how mass violence can claim the lives of hundreds, as in Uzbekistan in 2005, yet fail to alter the political structure that predicated it. Above all, Central Asia shows how quiet repression can be as damaging as violent conflict — and more difficult to quell or contest. Central Asia’s biggest problem is not conflict, but stagnation: the consistency of corruption, the chimera of change.[…]

The endurance of Central Asia’s dictatorships serves as a reminder that the collapse of an authoritarian state is not inherently imminent, no matter how bankrupt it is fiscally or morally. Corruption, brutality, and censorship are not necessarily signs of vulnerability, but indicators of the lengths a government will go to preserve its power at the expense of its people. Central Asia’s dictatorships are not surviving on luck, as some experts have claimed, but on fear.

Read the full article at Foreign Policy

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Why do anthropologists ignore the internet?

I have a new essay up at Ethnography Matters called On Legitimacy, Place and the Anthropology of the Internet. This was adapted from a chapter of my dissertation which I had been encouraged to publish in an academic journal, but since I actually want people to read it, I published it online instead. (My decision to avoid paywalls should not surprise anyone at this point.)

In this article, I ask why anthropologists ignore the internet as a field site and what challenges they may face if they continue to do so:

Today anthropology is facing a crisis of place, representation, and legitimacy similar to what journalism experienced a decade ago. Like journalists at the turn of the millennium, anthropologists have dealt with the challenges posed by the internet by ignoring them, downplaying the importance of the medium, and discounting its impact on the lives of the people they study. Despite the importance of the internet to people all over the world, there are few ethnographic studies of internet use conducted by anthropologists, and the anthropologists who do conduct this kind of research are marginalized and dismissed.[…]

Anthropology of the internet forces the question of whether being seen as an anthropologist is more important than doing meaningful ethnography. It strips the discipline of its elite trappings, requiring no excessive funding or dramatic upending of one’s life. What it does require is for the researcher to rely on more than just a dateline. When you are not going anywhere, you have to make the journey matter.

Read the full essay here.

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Why is Twitter censoring terrorist groups?

For Al Jazeera English, I wrote about Twitter’s ad hoc deletion of accounts belonging to terrorist groups like Al-Shabaab and the Islamic Jihad Union. I touched on this briefly at Registan after the Islamic Jihad Union’s two accounts were shut down seemingly after I tweeted about them. The suspensions — and Twitter’s refusal to address them — raise broader questions on censorship and security:

The presence of terrorists on Twitter raises questions about freedom of speech, national security, international law, and corporate power. Who decides if a person is a terrorist? If an account is suspended, should that suspension be based on content or affiliation? What is the policy towards official accounts of authoritarian states – like North Korea – that spread propaganda and murder civilians? What about those of countries like the United States engaged in wars many find inhumane and unjust? When Twitter blocks tweets on a country by country basis, how should they respond to terrorists who profess allegiance to no nation? How should governments reconcile Twitter’s role as a purveyor of terrorist threats with its utility for gathering intelligence?

These issues are important – particularly since, as terrorism experts Aaron Y Zelins and Will McCants have noted, in-depth research on how terrorist groups operate on social media has barely been conducted. But we will not be able to address them unless Twitter is open about its policies. Censorship that goes undocumented goes unchallenged. At the moment, Twitter representatives refuse to talk, although they continue to release updates applauding their transparency.

Read the full article here.

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Online anonymity and violence against women

In my latest article for Al Jazeera English, I discuss the Steubenville rape case, the efforts by Anonymous to defend women, and the paradoxical role of anonymity online:

In the aftermath of Steubenville and a number of high-profile rape cases around the world, women launched internet campaigns to tell their stories of abuse and sexual assault. One of the campaigns was launched on Twitter under the hashtag #SilentNoMore.

The women tweeting to #SilentNoMore told horrifying stories of harassment, degradation and violence. They used the internet to fight misogyny. Unfortunately, the misogyny they fought came from the internet itself.[…]

This is the paradox of anonymity in the digital age. As women and their defenders use the internet to out and fight their assailants, others use anonymity to attack their efforts to do so. Women who draw attention to sexism are castigated by strangers in the most sexist terms possible, abused for daring to draw attention to their abusers.

Read the full article here.

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More Thoughts on Academic Paywalls

This week the website Academia.edu wrote an article about my research on Uzbekistan and my thoughts on academic publishing. I have been using Academia.edu to post pdfs of my articles for years, so I was happy to talk to them. An excerpt:

By posting her papers on Academia.edu, Kendzior has afforded those stuck in the “grey zone”— such as attorneys, NGOs, policy groups, educators, and journalists who lack access to subscription-based journals and databases— with contemporary scholarship needed to do their jobs.

Kendzior strongly believes that academics and their research can hugely impact the world, but the path to doing so is blocked by both paywalls and a “careerist” mindset focused on publishing infrequently in prestigious (and expensive) journals.

“We need to start thinking, why are we doing this? Why are we bothering with this research? Is it to advance our own careers or is it to possibly influence the world and change it for the better? I think if we look at it that way, then it becomes clear that works should be open because if nobody can read them, then we don’t have a chance to make any kind of impact.”

Read the full interview here.

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Aaron Swartz and Open Access in Academia

Last October I wrote an article about Aaron Swartz, the internet activist committed to ending the academic paywall system and making research accessible to everyone. In light of Swartz’s tragic suicide, my article has gone viral. An excerpt:

For attempting to make scholarship accessible to people who cannot afford it, Swartz is facing a $1 million fine and up to 35 years in prison. The severity of the charges shocked activists fighting for open access publication. But it shocked academics too, for different reasons.

“Can you imagine if JSTOR was public?” one of my friends in academia wondered. “That means someone might actually read my article.”

Academic publishing is structured on exclusivity. Originally, this exclusivity had to do with competition within journals. Acceptance rates at top journals are low, in some disciplines under 5 per cent, and publishing in prestigious venues was once an indication of one’s value as a scholar.

Today, it all but ensures that your writing will go unread.

Read the full article, “Academic Paywalls Mean Publish and Perish”, here. Yesterday I went on HuffPost Live to discuss the issue, and I’m going to be on CBC News later this week.

As a scholar of Central Asia, a region already obscure to the public, I’m grateful the open access debate is getting more attention. Sean Guillory of Sean’s Russia Blog has done a great series of posts on why open access publishing is essential for those of us studying the Eurasian region. I’m planning to write more on this subject in the future.

Update: I have a new article for Al Jazeera, The political consequences of academic paywalls, and discussed the  issue last night on CBC News.

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Speaking about Uzbekistan in Seattle

Next weekend I’ll be talking about Uzbekistan at a conference organized by Awareness Projects International, an organization committed to raising awareness of social and political issues among Uzbek youth. I’m excited to be speaking with a diverse group of panelists including Sanjar Umarov, the head of the Sunshine Uzbekistan coalition, Bahodir Choriyev, the head of the Birdamlik (Solidarity) Movement of Uzbekistan, Nathan Hamm, the editor of Registan.net, and API organizers Dmitiry Nurullayev, Ruslan Nurullaev, and Aziz Yuldashev.

The title of my talk is “Beyond Succession: The Politics of Fear in Uzbekistan”. The conference will be held January 19 at Seattle University in the Boeing Room at 10:00 am. Come check it out!

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The high price we pay for inequality in education

In the past, I have written about professors making poverty wages and academic publishing houses profiting off unpaid labor.

For my latest Al Jazeera piece, I take on racial and class inequality in the higher education system, arguing that higher education today is less about the accumulation of knowledge than the demonstration of status – a status conferred by pre-existing wealth and connections. My prediction? The whole thing is going to collapse:

The American higher education system will collapse, but it will not be because of MOOCs. It will be because of time. Right now members of the first generation to take out massive student loans are having children of their own. In the next 10 to 15 years, these children will be the right age for college. But will they go?

Many of today’s young parents are underemployed and drowning in debt. They are working in jobs that have no relation to their degrees. They will be paying off their college loans well into old age. Will they be able to afford their children’s tuition as rates rise exponentially? Will they advise their children to take out loans and live like they did?

Today’s young adults know all too well the value of a college degree. The question is whether they will want their children to pay the same price.

Read the full story at The price of inequality in higher education

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My Best of 2012

I wrote a number of articles in 2012 that resonated with people for one reason or another. Below, a few of the highlights. Thanks everyone for a memorable year!

Al Jazeera, The closing of American academia
Atlantic, Manic pixie dream dissidents: how the world misunderstands Pussy Riot
Foreign Policy, Stop talking about civil society
Al Jazeera, The fallacy of the phrase, ‘The Muslim world’
Atlantic, Kim Kardashistan: A violent dictator’s daughter on a quest for pop stardom
Radio Free Europe, Why policy forums should be held in authoritarian states
Al Jazeera, Academic paywalls mean publish and perish
Registan, Central Asia: An exception to the “cute cats” theory of internet revolution
Atlantic, The day Yahoo decided I liked reading about child murder
Al Jazeera, The power of the meme

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